As an R&D Mechanical engineer, I worked on powder handling sub-modules from concept to production. I was involved in the development of Hewlett Packard's muti color powder based 3D printer 580 from 2014 to 2018.
I worked on the sub-module that delivered the powder material onto a plate to the build chamber to be spread by a roller. Through concept design, prototyping and detailed testing, a carriage box was designed to be dosed with powder and then moved along a plate leaving a perfectly uniform layer of powder. This layer of powder would be uniform in density and thickness to provide a reliable and predictable amount for each layer of the build volume. The carriage was attached to a bracket that moved along a linear rod. It was translated via a motor driven belt and pully system.
On the left hand side you can see the powder being dispensed onto a plate by a carriage.
I designed these sheet metal plenum assemblies that are welded together to collect excess powder. 1,2,3 are located under the ribbon spreader module and 5 and 6 are located on the right side of the print bucket. An internal pneumatic system takes the powder away to a hopper to be reused.